Church History: Date: A.D.57 – 59
1Five days later the high priest Ananias went down to Caesarea with some of the elders and a lawyer named Tertullus, and they brought their charges against Paul before the governor. 2When Paul was called in, Tertullus presented his case before Felix: "We have enjoyed a long period of peace under you, and your foresight has brought about reforms in this nation. 3Everywhere and in every way, most excellent Felix, we acknowledge this with profound gratitude. 4But in order not to weary you further, I would request that you be kind enough to hear us briefly. 5"We have found this man to be a troublemaker, stirring up riots among the Jews all over the world. He is a ringleader of the Nazarene sect 6and even tried to desecrate the temple; so we seized him. 7But the chief captain Lysias came upon us, and with great violence took him away out of our hands, 8By examining him yourself you will be able to learn the truth about all these charges we are bringing against him." 9The Jews joined in the accusation, asserting that these things were true. 10When the governor motioned for him to speak, Paul replied: "I know that for a number of years you have been a judge over this nation; so I gladly make my defense. 11You can easily verify that no more than twelve days ago I went up to Jerusalem to worship. 12My accusers did not find me arguing with anyone at the temple, or stirring up a crowd in the synagogues or anywhere else in the city. 13And they cannot prove to you the charges they are now making against me. 14 However, I admit that I worship the God of our fathers as a follower of the Way, which they call a sect. I believe everything that agrees with the Law and that is written in the Prophets, 15and I have the same hope in God as these men, that there will be a resurrection of both the righteous and the wicked. 16So I strive always to keep my conscience clear before God and man. 17"After an absence of several years, I came to Jerusalem to bring my people gifts for the poor and to present offerings. 18I was ceremonially clean when they found me in the temple courts doing this. There was no crowd with me, nor was I involved in any disturbance. 19But there are some Jews from the province of Asia, who ought to be here before you and bring charges if they have anything against me. 20Or these who are here should state what crime they found in me when I stood before the Sanhedrin 21unless it was this one thing I shouted as I stood in their presence: 'It is concerning the resurrection of the dead that I am on trial before you today.' " 22Then Felix, who was well acquainted with the Way, adjourned the proceedings. "When Lysias the commander comes," he said, "I will decide your case." 23He ordered the centurion to keep Paul under guard but to give him some freedom and permit his friends to take care of his needs. 24Several days later Felix came with his wife Drusilla, who was a Jewess. He sent for Paul and listened to him as he spoke about faith in Christ Jesus. 25As Paul discoursed on righteousness, self-control and the judgment to come, Felix was afraid and said, "That's enough for now! You may leave. When I find it convenient, I will send for you." 26At the same time he was hoping that Paul would offer him a bribe, so he sent for him frequently and talked with him. 27When two years had passed, Felix was succeeded by Porcius Festus, but because Felix wanted to grant a favor to the Jews, he left Paul in prison.
Friday, July 29, 2011
Thursday, July 28, 2011
Paul Sent To Caesarea; Acts 23:23 – 35 Part 2
Church History: Date: A.D.57 – 59
The chief captain ordered a considerable detachment of the Roman forces under his command to get ready to go to Cæsarea immediately, and to take Paul directly to Felix the governor, where he might expect to receive the justice due him that he could not receive from the great Sanhedrim at Jerusalem. The chief captain could have, without any prejudice to the duty of his office, have set Paul free, and making him responsible for his own safety. He was never legally committed to his custody as a criminal, he wasn’t charged with anything worthy of bonds, and he ought to have had the same tenderness for his liberty that he had for his life; but he feared that this would have incensed the Jews too much against him. Or perhaps, finding Paul to be a very extraordinary man, he was proud to have him his prisoner, and under his protection; and the mighty parade with which he sent him off intimates as much. Two centurions, or captains of the hundreds, are employed in this business. They must get ready two hundred soldiers, probably those under their own command, to go to Cæsarea; and with these seventy horse, and two hundred spearmen besides, which some think were the chief captain's guards; whether they were horse or foot is not certain, most probably foot, as pikemen for the protection of the horse.
The chief captain orders, for security purposes that Paul be taken away at the third hour of the night, which some understand to be three hours after sunset, that, it being now after the feast of Pentecost (that is, in the midst of summer), they might have the cool of the night to march in. Others understand it of three hours after midnight, in the third watch, about three in the morning, that they might have the day before them, and might get out of Jerusalem before Paul's enemies were stirring, and so might prevent any popular turmoil, and leave them to roar when they rose, like a lion disappointed of his prey.
He wrote a letter to Felix the governor of this province, by which he discharges himself from any further responsibility concerning Paul, and leaves the whole matter up to Felix. It is probable that Luke the historian had a copy of it given to him, having attended Paul.
He was delivered into the hands of Felix, as his prisoner. The officers presented the letter, and Paul with it, to Felix, and so discharged themselves of their trust. The governor enquired of what province of the empire the prisoner originally was, and was told that he was a native of Cilicia. Felix promised him a speedy trial. "I will hear thee when thing accusers have come, and will have an ear open to both sides, as becomes a judge." He ordered him into custody, that he should be kept a prisoner in Herod's judgment-hall, in some apartment belonging to that palace which was denominated from Herod the Great, who built it. There he had opportunity of acquainting himself with great men that attended the governor's court, and, no doubt, he improved what acquaintance he got there to the best purposes.
The chief captain ordered a considerable detachment of the Roman forces under his command to get ready to go to Cæsarea immediately, and to take Paul directly to Felix the governor, where he might expect to receive the justice due him that he could not receive from the great Sanhedrim at Jerusalem. The chief captain could have, without any prejudice to the duty of his office, have set Paul free, and making him responsible for his own safety. He was never legally committed to his custody as a criminal, he wasn’t charged with anything worthy of bonds, and he ought to have had the same tenderness for his liberty that he had for his life; but he feared that this would have incensed the Jews too much against him. Or perhaps, finding Paul to be a very extraordinary man, he was proud to have him his prisoner, and under his protection; and the mighty parade with which he sent him off intimates as much. Two centurions, or captains of the hundreds, are employed in this business. They must get ready two hundred soldiers, probably those under their own command, to go to Cæsarea; and with these seventy horse, and two hundred spearmen besides, which some think were the chief captain's guards; whether they were horse or foot is not certain, most probably foot, as pikemen for the protection of the horse.
The chief captain orders, for security purposes that Paul be taken away at the third hour of the night, which some understand to be three hours after sunset, that, it being now after the feast of Pentecost (that is, in the midst of summer), they might have the cool of the night to march in. Others understand it of three hours after midnight, in the third watch, about three in the morning, that they might have the day before them, and might get out of Jerusalem before Paul's enemies were stirring, and so might prevent any popular turmoil, and leave them to roar when they rose, like a lion disappointed of his prey.
He wrote a letter to Felix the governor of this province, by which he discharges himself from any further responsibility concerning Paul, and leaves the whole matter up to Felix. It is probable that Luke the historian had a copy of it given to him, having attended Paul.
He was delivered into the hands of Felix, as his prisoner. The officers presented the letter, and Paul with it, to Felix, and so discharged themselves of their trust. The governor enquired of what province of the empire the prisoner originally was, and was told that he was a native of Cilicia. Felix promised him a speedy trial. "I will hear thee when thing accusers have come, and will have an ear open to both sides, as becomes a judge." He ordered him into custody, that he should be kept a prisoner in Herod's judgment-hall, in some apartment belonging to that palace which was denominated from Herod the Great, who built it. There he had opportunity of acquainting himself with great men that attended the governor's court, and, no doubt, he improved what acquaintance he got there to the best purposes.
Wednesday, July 27, 2011
Paul Sent To Caesarea; Acts 23:23 – 35 Part 1
Church History: Date: A.D.57 – 59
23Then he called two of his centurions and ordered them, "Get ready a detachment of two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen to go to Caesarea at nine tonight. 24Provide mounts for Paul so that he may be taken safely to Governor Felix." 25He wrote a letter as follows: 26Claudius Lysias, To His Excellency, Governor Felix: Greetings. 27This man was seized by the Jews and they were about to kill him, but I came with my troops and rescued him, for I had learned that he is a Roman citizen. 28I wanted to know why they were accusing him, so I brought him to their Sanhedrin. 29I found that the accusation had to do with questions about their law, but there was no charge against him that deserved death or imprisonment. 30When I was informed of a plot to be carried out against the man, I sent him to you at once. I also ordered his accusers to present to you their case against him. 31So the soldiers, carrying out their orders, took Paul with them during the night and brought him as far as Antipatris. 32The next day they let the cavalry go on with him, while they returned to the barracks. 33When the cavalry arrived in Caesarea, they delivered the letter to the governor and handed Paul over to him. 34The governor read the letter and asked what province he was from. Learning that he was from Cilicia, 35 he said, "I will hear your case when your accusers get here." Then he ordered that Paul be kept under guard in Herod's palace.
The chief captain, finding how implacable and ingrained the malice of the Jews was against Paul, how determined they were in their plans to harm him, and how near he himself was to becoming an accessory to it as a minister, resolves to send him away with all speed out of their reach. He received the intelligence with horror and indignation at the baseness and bloody-mindedness of these Jews; and seemed afraid lest, if he should detain Paul in his castle here, under even a strong guard, they would find some way or other to get to him. Either beating the guards or burning the castle; and, whatever came of it, he would, if possible, protect Paul, because he believed that he did not deserve such treatment. What a melancholy observation is it, that the Jewish chief priests, when they knew of this assassination plot, should agree to it, and assist in it, while a Roman chief captain, purely from a natural sense of justice and humanity, when he knows it, sets himself to baffle it, and goes to a great deal of trouble to do it effectually!
23Then he called two of his centurions and ordered them, "Get ready a detachment of two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen to go to Caesarea at nine tonight. 24Provide mounts for Paul so that he may be taken safely to Governor Felix." 25He wrote a letter as follows: 26Claudius Lysias, To His Excellency, Governor Felix: Greetings. 27This man was seized by the Jews and they were about to kill him, but I came with my troops and rescued him, for I had learned that he is a Roman citizen. 28I wanted to know why they were accusing him, so I brought him to their Sanhedrin. 29I found that the accusation had to do with questions about their law, but there was no charge against him that deserved death or imprisonment. 30When I was informed of a plot to be carried out against the man, I sent him to you at once. I also ordered his accusers to present to you their case against him. 31So the soldiers, carrying out their orders, took Paul with them during the night and brought him as far as Antipatris. 32The next day they let the cavalry go on with him, while they returned to the barracks. 33When the cavalry arrived in Caesarea, they delivered the letter to the governor and handed Paul over to him. 34The governor read the letter and asked what province he was from. Learning that he was from Cilicia, 35 he said, "I will hear your case when your accusers get here." Then he ordered that Paul be kept under guard in Herod's palace.
The chief captain, finding how implacable and ingrained the malice of the Jews was against Paul, how determined they were in their plans to harm him, and how near he himself was to becoming an accessory to it as a minister, resolves to send him away with all speed out of their reach. He received the intelligence with horror and indignation at the baseness and bloody-mindedness of these Jews; and seemed afraid lest, if he should detain Paul in his castle here, under even a strong guard, they would find some way or other to get to him. Either beating the guards or burning the castle; and, whatever came of it, he would, if possible, protect Paul, because he believed that he did not deserve such treatment. What a melancholy observation is it, that the Jewish chief priests, when they knew of this assassination plot, should agree to it, and assist in it, while a Roman chief captain, purely from a natural sense of justice and humanity, when he knows it, sets himself to baffle it, and goes to a great deal of trouble to do it effectually!
Tuesday, July 26, 2011
Jews Plot To Kill Paul; Acts 23:12 – 22 Part 3
Church History: Date: A.D.57 – 59
The young man had information of something that concerned the honor of the government. The centurion honored his request. He did not send a common soldier with him, but went himself to keep insure the young man’s safety, to recommend his errand to the chief captain, and to show his respect to Paul: "Paul the prisoner (this was his title now) called me to him, and asked me to bring this young man to you; what he has to tell you I don’t know, but he has something to say to you." The chief captain received the information with a great deal of amiability and tenderness. He took the young man by the hand, as a friend or father, to encourage him, that he might not be afraid, but that he be assured of a favorable audience. He took him aside privately and asked him, "What is it that you have to tell me? Tell me how I can help Paul." It is probable that the chief captain was the more obliging in this case because he was sensible he had put himself into an awkward position in binding Paul, against his privilege as a Roman citizen, which he was willing now to atone for.
The young man delivered his message to the chief captain very readily and handsomely."The Jews" (he does not say who, lest he should invidiously reflect upon the chief priests and the elders; and his business was to save his uncle's life, not to accuse his enemies) "have agreed to request you to bring down Paul tomorrow morning into the council, presuming that, being so short a distance, that you would send him without a guard. They would have you do this on the pretense that they have questions for him. Please don’t do this. There is reason to believe that there will lie in wait for him more than forty men, who have vowed to kill him. They will be here soon to make their request, but I have happily gotten here ahead of them." The captain dismissed the young man with a charge of secrecy: be sure that you don’t tell anyone that you have told me these things.
The favors of great men are not always to be boasted of; and not fit to be employed in business. If it should be known that the chief captain had this information brought to him, perhaps they would compass and imagine the death of Paul some other way; "therefore keep it private.
The young man had information of something that concerned the honor of the government. The centurion honored his request. He did not send a common soldier with him, but went himself to keep insure the young man’s safety, to recommend his errand to the chief captain, and to show his respect to Paul: "Paul the prisoner (this was his title now) called me to him, and asked me to bring this young man to you; what he has to tell you I don’t know, but he has something to say to you." The chief captain received the information with a great deal of amiability and tenderness. He took the young man by the hand, as a friend or father, to encourage him, that he might not be afraid, but that he be assured of a favorable audience. He took him aside privately and asked him, "What is it that you have to tell me? Tell me how I can help Paul." It is probable that the chief captain was the more obliging in this case because he was sensible he had put himself into an awkward position in binding Paul, against his privilege as a Roman citizen, which he was willing now to atone for.
The young man delivered his message to the chief captain very readily and handsomely."The Jews" (he does not say who, lest he should invidiously reflect upon the chief priests and the elders; and his business was to save his uncle's life, not to accuse his enemies) "have agreed to request you to bring down Paul tomorrow morning into the council, presuming that, being so short a distance, that you would send him without a guard. They would have you do this on the pretense that they have questions for him. Please don’t do this. There is reason to believe that there will lie in wait for him more than forty men, who have vowed to kill him. They will be here soon to make their request, but I have happily gotten here ahead of them." The captain dismissed the young man with a charge of secrecy: be sure that you don’t tell anyone that you have told me these things.
The favors of great men are not always to be boasted of; and not fit to be employed in business. If it should be known that the chief captain had this information brought to him, perhaps they would compass and imagine the death of Paul some other way; "therefore keep it private.
Monday, July 25, 2011
Jews Plot To Kill Paul; Acts 23:12 – 22 Part 2
Church History: Date: A.D.57 – 59
They made an oath, placing the heaviest curses upon themselves, their souls, bodies, and families, if they did not kill Paul, they would not eat nor drink till they had done it. What a complication of wickedness is here! To plot to kill an innocent man, a good man, a useful man, a man that had done them no harm, but was willing to do them all the good he could.
There was no opportunity to get to Paul in the castle. He was there under the protection of the government. They conceived a plan to get the chief priests and elders to ask the governor of the castle to allow Paul to come to them. They would wait for him in the council-chamber to further examine him (they have some questions to ask him, or something to say to him), and then, in his passage from the castle to the council, they would put an end to all disputes about Paul by killing him. They were so proud of themselves and so confident that the plan would work, that they were not ashamed or afraid to brag about it.
There was a youth that was related to Paul, his sister's son, whose mother probably lived in Jerusalem; and somehow or other, we are not told how, heard of their plot against him. He either overheard them talking about it among themselves, or was told by others who were there. He went into the castle, probably, as he used to do, to attend to his uncle, and bring him what he wanted, which gave him a free access to him and he told Paul what he heard.
This part of the story is related very particularly, perhaps because the penman was an eye-witness of the prudent and successful management of this affair, and remembered it with a great deal of pleasure. Paul had gained the respect of the officers that attended, by his prudent peaceable deportment. He could call one of the centurions to him, though a centurion was one in authority, that had soldiers under him, and used to call, not to be called to, and he was ready to come at his call and he asked that he would introduce this young man to the chief captain.
They made an oath, placing the heaviest curses upon themselves, their souls, bodies, and families, if they did not kill Paul, they would not eat nor drink till they had done it. What a complication of wickedness is here! To plot to kill an innocent man, a good man, a useful man, a man that had done them no harm, but was willing to do them all the good he could.
There was no opportunity to get to Paul in the castle. He was there under the protection of the government. They conceived a plan to get the chief priests and elders to ask the governor of the castle to allow Paul to come to them. They would wait for him in the council-chamber to further examine him (they have some questions to ask him, or something to say to him), and then, in his passage from the castle to the council, they would put an end to all disputes about Paul by killing him. They were so proud of themselves and so confident that the plan would work, that they were not ashamed or afraid to brag about it.
There was a youth that was related to Paul, his sister's son, whose mother probably lived in Jerusalem; and somehow or other, we are not told how, heard of their plot against him. He either overheard them talking about it among themselves, or was told by others who were there. He went into the castle, probably, as he used to do, to attend to his uncle, and bring him what he wanted, which gave him a free access to him and he told Paul what he heard.
This part of the story is related very particularly, perhaps because the penman was an eye-witness of the prudent and successful management of this affair, and remembered it with a great deal of pleasure. Paul had gained the respect of the officers that attended, by his prudent peaceable deportment. He could call one of the centurions to him, though a centurion was one in authority, that had soldiers under him, and used to call, not to be called to, and he was ready to come at his call and he asked that he would introduce this young man to the chief captain.
Friday, July 22, 2011
Jews Plot To Kill Paul; Acts 23:12 – 22 Part 1
Church History: Date: A.D.57 – 59
12The next morning the Jews formed a conspiracy and bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink until they had killed Paul. 13More than forty men were involved in this plot. 14They went to the chief priests and elders and said, "We have taken a solemn oath not to eat anything until we have killed Paul. 15Now then, you and the Sanhedrin petition the commander to bring him before you on the pretext of wanting more accurate information about his case. We are ready to kill him before he gets here." 16But when the son of Paul's sister heard of this plot, he went into the barracks and told Paul. 17Then Paul called one of the centurions and said, "Take this young man to the commander; he has something to tell him." 18So he took him to the commander. The centurion said, "Paul, the prisoner, sent for me and asked me to bring this young man to you because he has something to tell you." 19The commander took the young man by the hand, drew him aside and asked, "What is it you want to tell me?" 20He said: "The Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul before the Sanhedrin tomorrow on the pretext of wanting more accurate information about him. 21Don't give in to them, because more than forty of them are waiting in ambush for him. They have taken an oath not to eat or drink until they have killed him. They are ready now, waiting for your consent to their request." 22The commander dismissed the young man and cautioned him, "Don't tell anyone that you have reported this to me."
This is the story of a plot against the life of Paul; how it was laid, how it was discovered, and how it was defeated. They found they could gain nothing by popular turmoil, or by legal process, and therefore have decided on a barbarous method of assassination; they will come upon him suddenly, and stab him, if they can lure him within their reach. So restless is their malice against this good man that, when one design fails, they will turn another stone.
Those who formed this conspiracy were certain Jews that hated him because he was the apostle of the Gentiles. There were more than forty members of this group that plotted against him. These men banded together in a league, perhaps they called it a holy league; they came together, to stand by one another, to aid and assist in the murder of Paul. It was strange that so many could come together so quickly, and in Jerusalem too. What a monstrous opinion these men must have formed of Paul, before they could be capable of forming such a monstrous plot against him; they were made to believe that he was the worst of men, an enemy to God and religion, and the curse and plague of his generation; when really his character was the reverse of all this! What laws of truth and justice so sacred, so strong which malice and bigotry will not break through!
12The next morning the Jews formed a conspiracy and bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink until they had killed Paul. 13More than forty men were involved in this plot. 14They went to the chief priests and elders and said, "We have taken a solemn oath not to eat anything until we have killed Paul. 15Now then, you and the Sanhedrin petition the commander to bring him before you on the pretext of wanting more accurate information about his case. We are ready to kill him before he gets here." 16But when the son of Paul's sister heard of this plot, he went into the barracks and told Paul. 17Then Paul called one of the centurions and said, "Take this young man to the commander; he has something to tell him." 18So he took him to the commander. The centurion said, "Paul, the prisoner, sent for me and asked me to bring this young man to you because he has something to tell you." 19The commander took the young man by the hand, drew him aside and asked, "What is it you want to tell me?" 20He said: "The Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul before the Sanhedrin tomorrow on the pretext of wanting more accurate information about him. 21Don't give in to them, because more than forty of them are waiting in ambush for him. They have taken an oath not to eat or drink until they have killed him. They are ready now, waiting for your consent to their request." 22The commander dismissed the young man and cautioned him, "Don't tell anyone that you have reported this to me."
This is the story of a plot against the life of Paul; how it was laid, how it was discovered, and how it was defeated. They found they could gain nothing by popular turmoil, or by legal process, and therefore have decided on a barbarous method of assassination; they will come upon him suddenly, and stab him, if they can lure him within their reach. So restless is their malice against this good man that, when one design fails, they will turn another stone.
Those who formed this conspiracy were certain Jews that hated him because he was the apostle of the Gentiles. There were more than forty members of this group that plotted against him. These men banded together in a league, perhaps they called it a holy league; they came together, to stand by one another, to aid and assist in the murder of Paul. It was strange that so many could come together so quickly, and in Jerusalem too. What a monstrous opinion these men must have formed of Paul, before they could be capable of forming such a monstrous plot against him; they were made to believe that he was the worst of men, an enemy to God and religion, and the curse and plague of his generation; when really his character was the reverse of all this! What laws of truth and justice so sacred, so strong which malice and bigotry will not break through!
Thursday, July 21, 2011
Paul Goes Before The Sanhedrin; Acts 22:30 – 23:11 Part 6
Church History: Date: A.D.57 – 59
“And the night following, the Lord stood by him and said, Take courage, Paul, for as you have testified concerning me in Jerusalem, so you must also testify in Rome”.
It is not to be presumed that this personal appearance of the Lord to encourage him occurred when it was not needed, or when encouragement could be supplied in an ordinary way. It is quite certain, therefore, that Paul's spirit was greatly burdened that night.
The long-dreaded bonds and afflictions, which had hung like a dark cloud before him on his journey from Corinth to Jerusalem, had now at last fallen upon him. Thus far, since his arrest, he may have been cheered by the hope that the fervent prayers of himself and many brethren, which, in anticipation of these calamities, had been urged at the throne of favor for months past, would prove effectual for his deliverance, and for the realization of his long-cherished desire to visit Rome (Romans 15:30-32). But his speeches before the mob and the Sanhedrim had only exasperated his enemies, who were now, more than ever, intent upon his destruction; and his jailer, though disposed to do justice, knew not what to do but to keep him in prison.
In whatever direction he could look, prison walls or a bloody grave stood before him, and hedged up his way, either to Rome or to any other field of future usefulness. But just at the proper moment to save him from despair, the solemn assurance is give that his long-continued prayers would yet be answered, and he should preach the Word in Rome as he had done in Jerusalem. In tracing the fulfillment of this promise, we shall witness a remarkable illustration of the workings of providence in answer to prayer
“And the night following, the Lord stood by him and said, Take courage, Paul, for as you have testified concerning me in Jerusalem, so you must also testify in Rome”.
It is not to be presumed that this personal appearance of the Lord to encourage him occurred when it was not needed, or when encouragement could be supplied in an ordinary way. It is quite certain, therefore, that Paul's spirit was greatly burdened that night.
The long-dreaded bonds and afflictions, which had hung like a dark cloud before him on his journey from Corinth to Jerusalem, had now at last fallen upon him. Thus far, since his arrest, he may have been cheered by the hope that the fervent prayers of himself and many brethren, which, in anticipation of these calamities, had been urged at the throne of favor for months past, would prove effectual for his deliverance, and for the realization of his long-cherished desire to visit Rome (Romans 15:30-32). But his speeches before the mob and the Sanhedrim had only exasperated his enemies, who were now, more than ever, intent upon his destruction; and his jailer, though disposed to do justice, knew not what to do but to keep him in prison.
In whatever direction he could look, prison walls or a bloody grave stood before him, and hedged up his way, either to Rome or to any other field of future usefulness. But just at the proper moment to save him from despair, the solemn assurance is give that his long-continued prayers would yet be answered, and he should preach the Word in Rome as he had done in Jerusalem. In tracing the fulfillment of this promise, we shall witness a remarkable illustration of the workings of providence in answer to prayer
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